Data, Information, Knowledge and Wisdom
1.1 What is Information
Data1. Information, often in the form of facts or figures obtained from experiments or surveys, used as a basis for making calculations or drawing conclusions
2.Information, for example, numbers, text, images, and sounds, in a form that is suitable for storage in or processing by a computer
Information
1. Definite knowledge acquired or supplied about something or somebody
2. The collected facts and data about a particular subject
3. A telephone service that supplies telephone numbers to the public on request.
4. The communication of facts and knowledge
5. Computer data that has been organized and presented in a systematic fashion to clarify the underlying meaning
6. A formal accusation of a crime brought by a prosecutor, as opposed to an indictment brought by a grand jury
Knowledge
1. General awareness or possession of information, facts, ideas, truths, or principles
2. Clear awareness or explicit information, for example, of a situation or fact
3. All the information, facts, truths, and principles learned throughout time
4. Familiarity or understanding gained through experience or study
Wisdom
1. The knowledge and experience needed to make sensible decisions and judgments, or the good sense shown by the decisions and judgments made
2. Accumulated knowledge of life or in a particular sphere of activity that has been gained through experience
3. An opinion that almost everyone seems to share or express
4. Ancient teachings or sayings
The terms Data, Information, Knowledge, and Wisdom are sometimes presented in a form that suggests a scale.
1.2 Good and Poor Information
What is good information
Relevant; The information obtained and used should be needed for decision-making. it doesn't matter how interesting it is. Businesses are often criticised for producing too much information simply because their information systems can "do it". A good way of ensuring relevance is to closely define the objectives of any information reports. Another way to improve relevance is to produce information that focuses on "exceptions" - e.g. problems, high or low values, where limits have been exceeded.
Accurate; As far as possible, information should be free from errors (e.g. the figures add up; data is allocated to the correct categories). The users of information should be informed whenever assumptions or estimates have been used. Accruate information is usually a function of accurate data collection. If information needs to be extremely accurate, then more time needs to be allocated for it to be checked. However, businesses need to guard against trying to produce "perfect" information - it is often more important for the information to be up-to-date than perfect.
Easy to use and understand; Information should be clearly presented (e.g. use summaries, charts) and not too long. It also needs to be communicated using an appropriate medium (e.g. email, printed report, presentation. Businesses should also consider developing "templates" which are used consistently throughout the organisation - so that users get used to seeing information in a similar style.
What is poor information?
Irrelevant; information is of little value when it is too old of out-of-data to be relevant to the users need.
Swamping; It is not helpful when information is too voluminous to allow any sense to be made of it. It is the quality of information is important. not the quantity
Unclear; information is poor when it is not presented in a way that will facilitate a decision .
Not all threw; If information is incomplete. it may fail to provide a clear sense of the entirety of problem.
1.3 Sources of Information
Primary source; Is a term used in a number of disciplines to describe source material that is closest to the person, information, period, or idea being studied
secondary source; Is a document or recording that relates or discusses information originally presented elsewhere
tertiary source; Is a term used to describe a work which is chiefly a selection or compilation of other primary and secondary sources.
Information Literate
Information Literacy is the ability to identify what information is needed, understand how the information is organized, identify the best sources of information for a given need, locate those sources, evaluate the sources critically, and share that information. It is the knowledge of commonly used research techniques.
Information Overload
Information overload is a description given to the phenomenon where so much information is taken in by the human brain that it becomes nearly impossible to process it.
Value of information
information comes to us in a myriad of forms and from a variety of sources including
books. videos television. online databases. billboards. web sites. news papers. people
and more.
1.4 Users of Information
There are many kinds of information users in the modern word, not just personal users. They include users in
* Business and industry
* Education
* Research and development
* Entertainment
1.5 What is mind map?
Mind mapping is a strategy for helping students order and structure their thinking through mentally mapping words or/and concepts. As a way of helping students make notes that used only key words and images. They are much quicker to make, and because of their visual quality much easier to remember and review. The difference between concept maps and mind maps is that a mind map has only one main concept, while a concept map may have several.
Bibliography
http://otec.uoregon.edu/data-wisdom.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org
http://olc.spsd.sk.ca/DE/PD/instr/strats/mindmap/
Natcha Kraoomkrow ID.54046314 (IBC)
Sripatum International College
